Mamen Moreno Lerma, mai tuntuɓar abinci da jagorar ƙungiyar marufi a AIMPLAS, yayi magana game da abubuwan da ke tattare da tabbatar da fakitin kayan shafawa ba shi da lafiya.

Mutane suna ƙara ƙara buƙata lokacin sayen sabbin kayayyaki, kamar yadda aikin da hukumomin da suka cancanta, masana'antun kayan shafawa, masana'antun marufi da ƙungiyoyin masana'antu suka nuna.

Lokacin da muke magana game da amincin marufi na kwaskwarima, dole ne mu tuna da dokokin yanzu kuma a wannan batun, a cikin tsarin Turai muna da Dokar 1223/2009 akan samfuran kayan kwalliya.Dangane da Annex I na Dokokin, Rahoton Tsaron Kayan kwaskwarima dole ne ya haɗa da cikakkun bayanai kan ƙazanta, alamu da bayanai game da kayan marufi, gami da tsabtar abubuwa da gaurayawan, shaidar rashin yuwuwarsu ta fasaha a cikin yanayin abubuwan da aka haramta, da halaye masu dacewa na kayan tattarawa, musamman tsabta da kwanciyar hankali.

Sauran dokokin sun haɗa da Decision 2013/674/EU, wanda ya kafa jagorori don sauƙaƙa wa kamfanoni don biyan buƙatun Annex I of Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009.Wannan ƙudirin yana ƙayyadaddun bayanan da yakamata a tattara akan kayan marufi da yuwuwar ƙaura na abubuwa daga marufi zuwa samfurin kwaskwarima.

A watan Yuni 2019, Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙadda ) ya yi shi ne don tallafawa da sauƙaƙe ƙididdiga na tasirin marufi akan amincin samfur lokacin da samfurin kwaskwarima yana cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da marufi.

Marufi a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da samfurin kwaskwarima ana kiransa marufi na farko.Halayen kayan cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da samfurin don haka suna da mahimmanci dangane da amincin samfurin kayan kwalliya.Bayani game da halayen waɗannan kayan marufi ya kamata su sa ya yiwu a ƙididdige duk wani haɗari mai yuwuwa.Halayen da suka dace zasu iya haɗawa da abun da ke cikin marufi, gami da abubuwan fasaha kamar ƙari, ƙazanta mara kyau ta fasaha ko ƙaura daga marufi.

Saboda babban abin damuwa shine yuwuwar ƙaura na abubuwa daga marufi zuwa samfuran kayan kwalliya kuma babu daidaitattun hanyoyin da aka samu a wannan yanki, ɗayan mafi ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin masana'antar da kuma yarda da hanyoyin ya dogara ne akan tabbatar da bin ka'idodin hulɗar abinci.

Kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su don kera marufi na kayan kwalliya sun haɗa da robobi, manne, karafa, gami, takarda, kwali, tawada na bugu, varnishes, roba, silicones, gilashi da yumbu.Dangane da tsarin tsari don tuntuɓar abinci, waɗannan kayan da labarai ana tsara su ta Doka ta 1935/2004, wacce aka sani da Tsarin Tsarin Mulki.Hakanan ya kamata a kera waɗannan kayan da labaran daidai da kyakkyawan aikin masana'antu (GMP), bisa tsarin tabbatar da inganci, kulawar inganci da takaddun shaida.An kwatanta wannan buƙatun a cikin Dokar 2023/2006 (5) .Ƙa'idar Tsarin Har ila yau yana ba da damar kafa takamaiman matakai don kowane nau'i na kayan aiki don tabbatar da bin ka'idodin da aka kafa.Kayan da aka kafa mafi ƙayyadaddun matakan shine filastik, kamar yadda Dokar 10/2011 (6) ta rufe da kuma gyare-gyare na gaba.

Doka 10/2011 ta kafa buƙatun da za a bi game da albarkatun ƙasa da samfuran da aka gama.Bayanin da za a haɗa a cikin Bayanin Yardawa an jera su a cikin Annex IV (wannan bayanin yana cike da Jagoran Ƙungiyar dangane da bayanan da ke cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Jagorar Ƙungiyar na nufin samar da mahimman bayanai game da watsa bayanan da ake buƙata don bi ka'ida). 10/2011 a cikin sarkar samar).Dokar 10/2011 kuma ta tsara ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga akan abubuwan da za su iya kasancewa a cikin samfurin ƙarshe ko za'a iya sake su cikin abinci (hijira) kuma sun shimfiɗa ƙa'idodin gwaji da sakamakon gwajin ƙaura (buƙatar samfuran ƙarshe).

Dangane da binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, don tabbatar da bin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaura da aka tsara a cikin Doka 10/2011, matakan dakin gwaje-gwajen da za a ɗauka sun haɗa da:

1. Mai yin marufi dole ne ya sami sanarwar Yarda (DoC) don duk albarkatun filastik da aka yi amfani da su, dangane da Annex IV na Dokokin 10/2011.Wannan takaddar tallafi tana bawa masu amfani damar bincika idan an ƙirƙira kayan don tuntuɓar abinci, watau idan an jera duk abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin (ban da ingantattun keɓancewa) a cikin Annex I da II na Doka 10/2011 da gyare-gyare na gaba.

2. Gudanar da gwajin ƙaura gabaɗaya tare da manufar tabbatar da rashin aiki na abu (idan an zartar).A cikin ƙaura gabaɗaya, jimlar adadin abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi waɗanda za su iya ƙaura zuwa cikin abinci ana ƙididdige su ba tare da gano abubuwan da suka dace ba.Gabaɗaya gwajin ƙaura ana yin su daidai da daidaitattun UNE EN-1186.Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen tare da na'urar kwaikwayo sun bambanta a lamba da nau'i na lamba (misali nutsewa, lamba ta gefe ɗaya, cikawa) .Ƙararren ƙaura shine 10 mg/dm2 na yanki na lamba.Don kayan filastik a hulɗa da abinci ga jarirai masu shayarwa da yara ƙanana, iyaka shine 60 mg/kg na abincin simulant.

3. Idan ya cancanta, gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ƙididdigewa akan ragowar abun ciki da/ko ƙaura na musamman tare da manufar tabbatar da yarda da iyakokin da aka tsara a cikin doka don kowane abu.

Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na ƙaura na ƙaura bisa ga daidaitattun tsarin UNE-CEN/TS 13130, tare da hanyoyin gwaji na ciki da aka haɓaka a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje don nazarin chromatographic. Bayan nazarin DoC, an yanke shawara game da ko ya zama dole don yin wannan nau'in. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka halatta, wasu kawai suna da hani da/ko ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Dole ne a jera waɗanda ke da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin DoC don ba da damar tabbatar da yarda da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abu ko labarin ƙarshe.Raka'a da aka yi amfani da su don bayyana sakamakon abun ciki na saura shine MG na abu a kowace kilogiram na samfurin ƙarshe, yayin da raka'a da aka yi amfani da su. don bayyana takamaiman sakamakon ƙaura shine MG na abu a kowace kilogiram na simulant.

Don tsara ƙayyadaddun gwaje-gwajen ƙaura da ƙayyadaddun ƙaura, dole ne a zaɓi simulants da yanayin fallasa.
Lokacin gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ƙaura akan marufi na kayan kwalliya, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da simulants da za a zaɓa.Kayan kwaskwarima galibi suna haɗaka da ruwa/masu gaurayawan mai tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan acidic pH.Don mafi yawan samfuran kayan kwalliya, kayan jiki da sinadarai masu dacewa don ƙaura sun yi daidai da kaddarorin kayan abinci da aka kwatanta a sama.Don haka, ana iya ɗaukar hanya kamar wacce aka ɗauka tare da kayan abinci.Duk da haka, wasu shirye-shiryen alkaline irin su kayan gyaran gashi ba za a iya wakilta su ta simulants da aka ambata ba.

• Sharuɗɗan fallasa:

Don zaɓar yanayin bayyanawa, lokaci da zafin jiki na lamba tsakanin marufi da kayan abinci/kayan kwalliya daga marufi har zuwa ranar ƙarewa yakamata a yi la'akari da lokacin ƙarewa.Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa an zaɓi yanayin gwaji da ke wakiltar mafi munin yanayin da ake iya gani na ainihin amfani.An zaɓi sharuɗɗan ƙaura gabaɗaya da ƙayyadaddun ƙaura daban.Wani lokaci, iri ɗaya ne, amma an kwatanta su a cikin surori daban-daban na Dokar 10/2011.

Yarda da dokokin marufi (bayan tabbatar da duk hane-hane) dole ne a yi dalla-dalla a cikin DoC mai dacewa, wanda dole ne ya haɗa da bayani game da amfanin waɗanda ke da aminci don haɗa kayan ko labarin cikin hulɗa da kayan abinci/ kayan kwalliya (misali nau'ikan abinci, lokaci da zafin jiki na amfani).Ana kimanta DoC ta mai ba da shawarar amincin samfuran kayan kwalliya.

Fakitin filastik da aka yi niyya don amfani da samfuran kayan kwalliya ba dole ba ne su bi ka'idodin 10/2011, amma zaɓi mafi amfani shine wataƙila a ɗauki hanyar da aka ɗauka tare da kayan abinci kuma a ɗauka yayin tsarin ƙirar marufi cewa dole ne albarkatun ƙasa. zama dace da abinci lamba.Sai kawai lokacin da duk wakilai a cikin sarkar samarwa suka shiga cikin bin ka'idodin doka za'a iya ba da tabbacin amincin samfuran fakitin.